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Science and Technology
WWT 2012
I'm off to the 2012 Western Winter Teslathon, in Black Canyon City, AZ! Hope to see many of you there. Lots of pictures and video to follow.
Event details are here:
Discussion thread is here:
I'll pop into the chat room when possible to say hello from the 'thon, so feel free to stop by!
Just a quick note to let everyone know that 4hv.org is currently under attack from a botnet. The botnet is spamming the forum incessantly, and so far IP bans have not been effective. The botnet has apparently been creating users for this purpose for the better part of a year, so I've had to go back and delete all accounts that appear to be inactive. Apologies if you're a lurker who has been caught up in this sweep.
Registrations will remain closed for the time being, until I can find a permanent solution to the spam problem. If you would like to be registered manually, please email forum at 4hv dot org. Include at least a few well written lines of text so that I know you're a real person.
Well, I'm relaxing today after a long day at the 2011 Western Winter Teslathon. I just have to say -- what a great time! A huge thanks to Dr Spark and Dr Hankenstein for their monumental efforts in bringing the thon together. Another big thanks to the good folks at Tesla Universe, who provided a live feed for those who couldn't be there in person. Here's just a small taste of what went on:
This featured project goes out to a long-time 4hv.org members who has been pouring his heart and soul into an amazing project for over a year now. For those who haven't heard or seen, Finn Hammer, with help from Daniel Uhrenholt, has been doing some really incredible work on his latest coil, Thumper. His design is innovative to say the least, and he's really gone out of his way to not only create a work of art, but to document it thoroughly. He has posted images, videos, schematics, layouts, and extensive commentary. Here's just a small sample of images from his project thread:
The end result is quite possibly the world's largest DRSSTC coil, but that's not even the best part. It's the first DRSSTC coil with a primary tap adjustable at run time. That's right, it can be tuned in real-time:
This also marks the debut of the Predikter circuitry, which may just change the way a lot of people will be coiling in the years to come.
If you haven't had a chance to stop by the project thread, please do so and let Finn know what you think.
Posted by Chris Russell on Thursday 17 June 2010 - 01:05:14
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Featured Project
This featured project was called to my attention recently. IamSmooth put a lot of hard work into his Residential Grid Tied Wind Turbine. If you haven't seen it yet, take a look. Here's a preview:
Basically, the project consists of building a tower that is easy to raise and lower; building the generator; carving the blades to match the generator; running the power to the grid with the appropriate disconnects and power diversion features. Most people charge batteries with wind energy. This requires a compromise in power output. This is because wind energy goes up with the cube of speed. Low winds have little energy and high winds have enormous energy. One has to determine if they want to harness more consistent lower energy winds, or capture infrequent high energy winds. This is because the stator and blades need to be matched. A stator that can handle high power levels in high winds will stall out the blades in lower winds. If the blades are too large for the stator they will run away in high winds and fry the stator, or cause the turbine to self destruct from high RPM. I chose to feed power to the grid, allowing the inverter to draw off the appropriate amount of power at various wind speeds.
Posted by Chris Russell on Saturday 23 January 2010 - 20:55:14
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New Site, Featured Projects
This is just a quick update to let everyone know that due to faster-than-expected progress on the new site, featured projects will be on hold for a little while. However, just to keep things interesting, here's a classic project from early 2007 that you may have missed. Behold, Marko's DRSSTC v1.1:
Stay tuned for updates regarding the new site's rollout, and feel free to drop by Marko's thread.
Posted by Chris Russell on Sunday 11 October 2009 - 03:27:32
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Featured Project
This week, we have another gem from the archives: WaveRider's low power 433 MHz BPSK data transmission system. WaveRider single-handedly designed and implemented a complete data transmission system, using a highly efficient method of modulation. He's also obviously gone through extreme pains to document the entire project thoroughly. This is a special treat for those of us who enjoy telecommunications as a hobby.
Feel free to stop by the thread and let WaveRider know what you think. And, as always, feel free to send me a PM with suggestions for next week's featured project.
WaveRider wrote ...
It's been a while since I have done a radio project. So, I thought I would experiment with data transmission using BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) on the 433 MHz European ISM band.
What's so special about BPSK? Most commercial systems seem to use frequency shift keying (FSK) or some form of on-off keying (OOK). I wanted to explore the possibilities of constructing a simple system for binary phase shift keying (BPSK). Binary phase shift keying is a form of modulation that is very "power efficient." This means that to achieve a certain bit error rate, the required signal to noise ratio is lower than that required by, e.g., frequency shift keying or on-off keying. BPSK (or QPSK) is often the modulation mode of choice for deep space probes where power consumption must be minimised and signal path losses are enormous. See graphic (taken from ) for comparison of error rates....
Why 433.92 MHz? Besides sitting in the middle of the 433MHz European ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band, it is also in the amateur 70cm band, so parts were easy to get and it can be modified to operate under amateur radio rules. For those in the US, I think this band also falls under Part 15 of FCC regulations for low-power communications devices. Also, the local oscillators use of-the-shelf SAW resonators instead of a PLL synthesizer. This simplifies the design greatly (at the expense of having to operate on a fixed frequency).
What will the transmitter power be? Operating below 10mW in this band is permitted without a license. I plan to limit the emissions to somewhat less than this. Many garage door openers and automotive key fobs seem to operate in this band (altho' at much below this power level). Hopefully this won't mean intolerable interference in my experiments!
First step: The receiver design Since the receiver design is more challenging than the transmitter, I started off there. Here is a block diagram of my proposed receiver.
I am basing the system around the Philips SA639 RF/IF subsystem chip, which is really designed for FSK systems, using a 10.7MHz IF. I managed to find a 500kHz bandwidth ceramic IF filter which should allow upwards of 384kbit/sec communications. BPSK demodulation is not as easy as FSK. Basically, we need to add a carrier regeneration system (a PLL) for demodulating the BPSK signal coherently. I do this with a simple "squaring loop" which doubles the IF carrier frequency. A NE564 PLL/VCO system is the heart of this.
The system The received signal enters the system (as you would expect ) at the antenna input. A low noise amplifier, based on the BFR540 NPN transistor amplifies the antenna signal. I was a bit torn about whether to put the microstrip-based band/image-reject filter before the low noise amplifier. If I put the filter before the amplifier, the filter insertion loss will kill the noise figure of the system. However, putting the filter after the amplifier increases the chances of amplifier overload by strong out-of-band signals. I opted for putting the filter after the amplifier. I will rely on the antenna system to reduce out-of-band signals. Plus, the BFR540 amplifier as I have designed it should be able to withstand -20dBm on the input terminals without saturating.
The next stage is the downconverting mixer. I found a SAW resonator for 423.22MHz which is exactly 10.7MHz away from 433.92MHz. Hence, the local oscillator (based on a BFR92 transistor) fed to the mixer (part of the SA639 chip) downconverts perfectly to 10.7MHz. The ceramic IF filter passes a sharply defined 500kHz channel to the first IF amp and limiter.
At this point, we split off the signal to the second mixer as well as a push-push active frequency doubler. The output of the doubler is passed through a 21.4MHz (second harmonic) bandpass filter (with a band-stop notch at 10.7MHz) to the PLL carrier regeneration circuit. The 21.4MHz signal is divided by 2 using a flip-flop. After a phase correction and level adjusting circuit, the regenerated carrier is fed to the final mixer, where it is mixed with the original amplitude limited IF signal. The output will be the original BPSK digital data signal (a 250kHz low-pass filter on the output remives any residual RF). A schmitt trigger squares up the output and produces a TTL compatible signal.
I am hoping for a BER at 384kbit/sec of under 10e-6 with -106dBm input at the antenna terminals (in the absence of other interfering transmitters).
Additional Pictures:
Posted by Chris Russell on Friday 29 May 2009 - 19:36:16
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Featured Project
This week, some suggested that I dig something up from the older threads. So, I present to you, Dr. Spark's Small Bi-polar SSTC, a project from November of 2006. Dr. Spark's meticulous construction and careful attention to detail here does not disappoint. Please feel free to stop by the thread and let Dr. Spark know what you think. I believe some of you have now witnessed this coil operating in person.
If you have any feedback or suggestions for a project that you think deserves some recognition, please let me know. There are some really great current projects on the projects board, as well as quite a few on the following pages that have probably been overlooked.
Dr. Spark wrote ...
Good day great coilers,
I am now madly in love with solid state Bi_Polar coils. How little power they take and how fast they can respond is incredible ! Demo Lady Red for DC Cox this weekend and he was grinning big time.
I have 1.2 months left before the W.W.T. so thought I could squeeze one more project in for demo at the Thon. A small SSTC Bi-Polar with a surprise feature. So pics tonight are the starting project, coil will be all plexy with UV LED’s. Will update with pics but this will be the fastest built coil I have done in many, many years….. Have a goal to meet, so off the computer and back in the garage…
Cheers, Ch_r
Pictures:
Posted by Chris Russell on Thursday 21 May 2009 - 15:18:12
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Featured Project
Another week, another featured project. This week, we have Uzzors' Coolidge X-ray Machine, a fascinating foray into the world of x-rays. He's managed to capture some very fascinating images in a very well-done thread. If something about the project strikes your fancy, please stop by Uzzors' project thread, and let him know what you think.
As always, feel free to PM me if you have a suggestion for the next featured project.
Uzzors wrote ...
It's about time I tried using a Coolidge X-ray tube I bought on Ebay last summer. I was given no information on it other than it's a dentist tube, so everything will need to be determined empirically. The x-ray tube is 30cm long and 6cm in diameter. The filament has a resistance of about 0.2 - 0.3 Ohms, and is wound "Benson" style, or as a helical coil. So where do I start? I'll need to know an approximate power rating of the tube, and maximum voltage. Since the x-ray intensity is proportional to the filament temperature, I thought I could measure the anode current at very low filament temps, and assuming the anode current rises linearly with filament current plot a graph. A suitable filament current range can then be determined.
I don't even have ballpark figures for this tube, so your guess is as good as mine! Tube power and tube voltage.
Additional pictures:
Ipod nano and k750i:
TV flyback multiplier, digital watch and dosimeter:
Posted by Chris Russell on Thursday 14 May 2009 - 21:20:49
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Featured Project
Back by popular demand, it's the featured project of the week! I've picked the first one myself, but if you have any suggestions for next week's featured project, please feel free to send me a PM.
This week, Cesiumsponge has a great project going with his Tesla Thermionic Valve Wireless Energy Transmitting Apparatus. In an act of showmanship that Tesla himself would no doubt approve, the project is not yet fully unveiled. Details are still sketchy, but it looks great so far. He's obviously paying a lot of attention to small details.
Gather around and witness the fruits of Tesla's lifelong work! Expeditiously, I shall be unveiling an unrealized dream of his, a masterful thermionic valve apparatus of superlative wonder and whimsy after many a sleepless night of scheming and laborious toil.
A mechanism of excessively high potential and very considerable frequency. A contraption to capture the wild possibilities of a dawning age of industrialism. A device to astound and mystify the youth, A machine to bewilder and confound the old! Fascination and fear, Stupor and surprise!
More lively than an electrotherapy session and twice as delicious as a cool radium tonic, guaranteed!
Before the grand unveiling, verification, and tuning takes place scant weeks from now with all notes, I will tantalize this kind audience with some previews.
Posted by Chris Russell on Thursday 07 May 2009 - 15:54:17
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