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Registered Member #1900
Joined: Fri Jan 02 2009, 06:44PM
Location: Texas
Posts: 29
I think this is relevant to this thread...
Thanks for the great post teravolt, that put it simply.
I have been unable to find IGBT on-resistance in any datasheets, and googling has been fruitless. I figure it would be very tiny... how do you find it?
Registered Member #1169
Joined: Wed Dec 12 2007, 09:16AM
Location: Portland OR
Posts: 251
teravolt wrote ...
Hi Austin before you spend around 700$ for a large DRSSTC I recomend DR. Gigiavolts DRSSTC book
I hate to plug it but it it is one of the best descriptions of a DRSSTC I've read. the contents will be true for any DRSSTC. One of the diferances that the book won't talk about is the cm600 some of the most advanced work done with the cm600 has been done by Finn Hammer at
if you want determin the rateing if MMC go by the dc rating and peak voltage at the primary. RMS is a method for giving AC volts a DC equivalent and visavesa ie. in capacitors if you have one with 1000vdc rating you can not use it on a AC circuit of any more than 707vac because you would excied the voltage rateings of the cap. The reson for this that the peak of a signwave at 90, 270 deg. of a 707vac signwave is 1000vp. The formula for this VRMS=sin45*vp=.707*1000=707vac RMS. RMS is just a convension for dc equivalent. If you expect to see 10000Vp over the caps you will only need 5+ 2 or 3 extra in your strings will give you over voltage pertection not 12 deep. have a look on finn's Hammertone "Predikter", hear he is using 3 strings of 6 and getting 5' sparks and even less caps in this video
what makes the polypropalene caps one of the best types for teslas to use is because of there low ESR equivalent series resistance and high di/dt rateing. The reson this important is because as Steve McConner put it at resonance XL and XC cancel out and what you are left over with is the resistance of your primary inductor restance ie. refigerator tubing and the ESR in your cap bank in series with each other. Your source voltage ie. your doubler of +- 340dc divided by the resistance in the last senance plus the resistance in your igbt and doubler will be the current flow through everything at each switching. it looks like this V/R=I so Vcharge/R'dubler+ R'igbt+ R'cap+ R'indutor=primary current. this current times your XL or XC witch is the same at resonance will be your primary voltage across your caps. Some of thease values like esr can be found in the manufacture's data sheets. The currents that are projected hear are in the couple thousand amp range. Your model is only a guide line and nobody hear can tell you exactly how it will come out when it is biult and it may take alot of mesured analisis and help from others to get it going with your levle of understanding. do you have a oscilloscope,dmm,function generator,L-C meter? Steve McConner is the only one who has brought up frequency splitting. After its set up, you will need to tune your secondary frequency a little high to compansate for the detuning as the arc sets out from the tesla. as the arc sets out I have read hear that it is about 1pf for one ft. of arc
about the cm600s they have lots of delay and your control circuit may have to compinsate for troughput delay if your electronics and dead time. read and let us know what you come up with
Sorry Terevolt your incoherent babbling makes no sense to me.
I already own and have read both of Daniel's books.
I have already calculated my desired MMC size and voltage rating. I just wanted to confirm that the size is not too large and my calculations are correct. The voltage rating is almost 2X the peak voltage @ 1200 amps, hence the 12 caps in series. Perhaps this is overkill but again... the minbrute was my first DRSSTC.
I believe it's just not enough to build a DRSSTC but to actually design one. The learning curve is much more steeper and satisfying. I really put a lot of effort into researching the topics at hand and learning from you guys. I know 4hv has seen is fair share of noobs, but there are still some of us who really want to learn and ask questions without feeling like a retard.
With that being said it really burns me when someone just tells me to just go read a book (one that I have already read i might add).
Registered Member #195
Joined: Fri Feb 17 2006, 08:27PM
Location: Berkeley, ca.
Posts: 1111
hello Angstrom, in this pdf for the cm600 there is no acual number for on resistance because it is a dynamic number. In the graph called "output characteristics" it will give the C-E voltage drop at any particular current through the device so at 1200 amps there will be 12v across the CE junction or 10m ohms and goes to 20m ohms at around 400A. thease values happen when the gate is at a full 20v.
the esr for electrolytics and the poly snubber caps also have a factory number in the milli ohms. Roughly after you add it up you will be under half an ohm. what it may be in the end after it is built you can find out with a ac current probe and oscilloscope
if Austin built a full bridge he would put twice the voltage in to his primary from his doubler at the full 675v and nearly twice the output from his tesla. He also would need to duble his MMC voltage. To get any meaningfull information he will have to mix mesured numbers with his calculations. maby others can coment but moast seasond coilers have a set of guide lines based on there expierience and under stand what there materials can do. In big teslas I find that the manufacurers specifcations are far excieded
Registered Member #1900
Joined: Fri Jan 02 2009, 06:44PM
Location: Texas
Posts: 29
teravolt wrote ...
hello Angstrom, in this pdf for the cm600 there is no acual number for on resistance because it is a dynamic number. In the graph called "output characteristics" it will give the C-E voltage drop at any particular current through the device so at 1200 amps there will be 12v across the CE junction or 10m ohms and goes to 20m ohms at around 400A. thease values happen when the gate is at a full 20v.
the esr for electrolytics and the poly snubber caps also have a factory number in the milli ohms. Roughly after you add it up you will be under half an ohm. what it may be in the end after it is built you can find out with a ac current probe and oscilloscope
if Austin built a full bridge he would put twice the voltage in to his primary from his doubler at the full 675v and nearly twice the output from his tesla. He also would need to duble his MMC voltage. To get any meaningfull information he will have to mix mesured numbers with his calculations. maby others can coment but moast seasond coilers have a set of guide lines based on there expierience and under stand what there materials can do. In big teslas I find that the manufacurers specifcations are far excieded
Ok that makes sense, but I don't see where your 12V Vce(sat) comes from. We might be looking at different datasheets (CM600HA-24H). It looks more like 1-3V for me. Thanks for this info!
Also, for the CDE caps... the datasheet indicates 5mOhm per cap. I assume that at resonance you would treat them as resistors... add their DC resistance in series and parallel according to MMC config. Is this correct? This wouldn't yield a very large resistance.
Registered Member #195
Joined: Fri Feb 17 2006, 08:27PM
Location: Berkeley, ca.
Posts: 1111
Austin I apoligise for rambling and treding on your thread. you are right by lerning from our mistakes including myself.
in short source voltage over all the resistances in a system equals the current. that current times XL or XC should equal the voltage drop on the primary
Angstrom, yes as Steve McConner said XL and XC cancel out at resonance. as a result R of the components is whats left
Registered Member #1169
Joined: Wed Dec 12 2007, 09:16AM
Location: Portland OR
Posts: 251
SteveC wrote ...
How is your design process coming along Austin? Do you have a variac to power this coil?
Hi Steve, I am still trying to figure out the proper capacitance and voltage rating for my MMC.
I am still confused on how to compute the total resistance of the LC such that the voltage rating of my MMC will be adequate for 1200-2000 amps.
I was under the impression that finding the reactive capacitance of the MMC at its resonant frequency was enough to determine the peak voltages seen across the caps.
However Steve Connor has brought to my attention at resonance the reactive capacitance and the reactive inductance cancel each other out...
So, does that mean the only resistance left in my LC circuit is that of the wires and IGBTS?
Also my caps are rated at 500VAC... that means each cap can withstand peak voltages of 500v * 1.414(RMS) = 707volts correct?
Registered Member #1169
Joined: Wed Dec 12 2007, 09:16AM
Location: Portland OR
Posts: 251
Angstrom wrote ...
Steve McConner wrote ...
Yes, you are going crazy. When a tank circuit is operating at its resonant frequency, the impedance of the capacitor and the impedance of the inductor are the same, so we call this value the characteristic impedance of the tank circuit.
That's one definition of resonance, in fact: the frequency where the inductive and capacitive reactances, being the same magnitude but opposite signs, cancel each other out leaving only the resistance of the conductors.
To be sure, a DRSSTC's primary tank doesn't operate quite at its resonant frequency, because of frequency splitting from the two coupled tank circuits. But the difference is only 5-10 percent.
I know this... but the cap still has this characteristic impedance (even though it cancels when the tank circuit is at resonance), and you use this impedance to calculate the DC rating of the cap. Right? That is all I am wanting to confirm here...
I would LOVE it if I were wrong... this method always seems to yield very high voltages (and therefore very expensive MMCs). Yet some DRSSTCs go a bit lower than this. And they most certainly don't go as high as 15kVDC rating.
sorry for the double post, But I would love some clarification on this as well. Angstrom is under the same assumption that I am.
Registered Member #1900
Joined: Fri Jan 02 2009, 06:44PM
Location: Texas
Posts: 29
I am pretty confident that you only need to use the reactance of the cap to calculate it's voltage rating... and you are fine using the DC rating as long as you give it plenty of headroom (I think at least 1.41*DC value, preferably a bit extra). I was told this by the designer of ArcAttack's coils, and they recently ran the coils in shows for an entire month straight (7 days a week) and the only failure was a circuit breaker.
Registered Member #1169
Joined: Wed Dec 12 2007, 09:16AM
Location: Portland OR
Posts: 251
Angstrom wrote ...
I am pretty confident that you only need to use the reactance of the cap to calculate it's voltage rating... and you are fine using the DC rating as long as you give it plenty of headroom (I think at least 1.41*DC value, preferably a bit extra). I was told this by the designer of ArcAttack's coils, and they recently ran the coils in shows for an entire month straight (7 days a week) and the only failure was a circuit breaker.
thank you for the clarification. as it stands now these are the MMC specs
Voltage peak of MMC @ 1200amps = 4800volts (3.979 X 1200)
12 caps in series x (500Vac x 1.41) = 8484volts (almost double the calculated voltage peak which allows me to pump more current through the primary. Also i am using AC rating not DC which should make this MMC last for a really long time)
8 strings in parallel = 1uf exactly Total number of caps = 96
$5.00 X 96 = $500 for my MMC bank! not bad
My main concern now is that the voltage doubler will not be able to to charge the MMC in time.... I don't know anyone else who uses an MMC equal to 1uf. How can i determine the voltage needed in order to charge the caps between pulses?
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