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I think I can answer this, but there is more than one answer. If you just operate a dental tube with low lead content and a normal glass window (not a metal window), the you could probably expect useful visual fluoroscopic capabilities at roughly 40 KV @ 1 mA. I define "useful" as having the best screen available (such as a low energy mammography screen) and being able to fairly easily see the fluorescence on the screen with normal room lighting. Of course, there are a couple of other factors such as tube distance, etc, but generally the 40/1 figures hold. Now if you are not seeking such output, like using time exposures, then you could get away with much less. If you darkened the screen, for example, and used a good digital camera with low noise thresholds, then you could get away with 25-40 KV @ as little as 50-100 uA.
The other option is to use an x-ray image intensifier. When I was in college and did x-ray studies as part of a lower level atomic physics course, we *always* used image intensifiers to greatly reduce exposure to students and staff. Using our intensifiers, we almost always got away with 15-20 KV @ 50-100 uA or even less!
Why more folks haven't used them is somewhat baffling. Like x-ray tubes and machines, they too have appeared on the surplus market and are easy to energize and operate. Power suppply issues and of course unknown tube hours are the major drawbacks, but don't spend much on a surplus unit in the first place. However, unless you want to use a lot of lead shielding to cut the higher energy rays, an x-ray intensifier might be a much safer alternative. You can also image using uraninite and other radioactive minerals with this device. Not clear of course, but possible.
Get yourself an intensifier and be much safer with your experiments. Cut back to 20 KV or less, check out your shielding, and have fun!
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